沈阳市烟囱分布对大气污染的影响

本文介绍采用航空遥感技术和实地调查研究相结合的方法,分析了沈阳市烟囱数量、高度、密度以及高、中、低架烟囱的分布状况和特点,同时与大气污染监测结果对照分析了沈阳市煤烟型大气污染的规律及特点,研究了沈阳市烟囱分布对大气污染的影响。最后,提出了沈阳市燃煤污染的防治途径。     

Clustering of aerosols in atmospheric turbulent flow

A mechanism of formation of small-scale inhomogeneities in spatial distributions of aerosols and droplets associated with clustering instability in the atmospheric turbulent flow is discussed. The particle clustering is a consequence of a spontaneous breakdown of their homogeneous space distribution due to the clustering instability, and is caused by a combined effect of the particle inertia and a finite correlation time of the turbulent velocity field. In this paper a theoretical approach proposed in Elperin et al. (2002) Phys Rev E 66:036302 is further developed and applied to investigate the mechanisms of formation of small-scale aerosol inhomogeneities in the atmospheric turbulent flow. The theory of the particle clustering instability is extended to the case when the particle Stokes time is larger than the Kolmogorov time scale, but is much smaller than the correlation time at the integral scale of turbulence. We determined the criterion of the clustering instability for the Stokes number larger than 1. We discussed applications of the analyzed effects to the dynamics of aerosols and droplets in the atmospheric turbulent flow.     

Influence of hydrogeochemical processes on zero-valent iron reactive barrier performance: a field investigation

Geochemical and mineralogical changes were evaluated at a field Fe0-PRB at the Oak Ridge Y-12 site concerning operation performance during the treatment of U in high NO3- groundwater. In the 5-year study period, the Fe0 remained reactive as shown in pore-water monitoring data, where increases in pH and the removal of certain ionic species persisted. However, coring revealed varying degrees of cementation. After 3.8-year treatment, porosity reduction of up to 41.7% was obtained from mineralogical analysis on core samples collected at the upgradient gravel-Fe0 interface. Elsewhere, Fe0 filings were loose with some cementation. Fe0 corrosion and pore volume reduction at this site are more severe due to the presence of NO3- at a high level. Tracer tests indicate that hydraulic performance deteriorated: the flow distribution was heterogeneous and under the influence of interfacial cementation a large portion of water was diverted around the Fe0 and transported outside the PRB. Based on the equilibrium reductions of NO3- and SO4(2-) by Fe0 and mineral precipitation, geochemical modeling predicted a maximum of 49% porosity loss for 5 years of operation. Additionally, modeling showed a spatial distribution of mineral precipitate volumes, with the maximum advancing from the interface toward downgradient with time. This study suggests that water quality monitoring, coupled with hydraulic monitoring and geochemical modeling, can provide a low-cost method for assessing PRB performance.     

Effects of uncontrolled particulate matter release on precipitation under warfare conditions

This study has shown theoretical, observed and experimental evidence of pollutants released, transported and deposited during the Kosovo conflict in 1999 and their effects on precipitation in Serbia. The greatest bombardment of the chemical industry, oil refineries and fuel storage in Serbia which occurred during April, resulted in releases of many hazardous, toxic and cancerogenic substances. The number of April's days with precipitation greater or equal to 0.1 mm in 1999 are compared to those in the period from 1961 to 1990 registered at thirty meteorological stations in Serbia and especially at the Belgrade-Observatory station in the period from 1888 to 1995. The maximums of days with precipitation greater or equal to 0.1 mm were at the wider Belgrade area and at the central and southwestern parts of Serbia during April 1999. This is confirmed by using the Eta trajectory analysis.     

脉冲供电在锌沸腾炉电除尘器上的应用

介绍了一种电除尘器脉冲供电的基本原理及其在锌沸腾炉电除尘器上的应用试验情况。结果表明，在基本保持同一工况条件下，脉冲供电比直流供电降低出口烟气含尘浓度50.4%～79.6%；脉冲供电能改善电除尘器运行性能，提高电除尘器改善系数达1.32；脉冲供电运行安全可靠。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the bulk precipitation and surface waters of Northern Greece

Bulk (wet and dry) precipitation and surface water sampling was undertaken in the main plain of central Macedonia in Northern Greece. Fourteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) included in the US EPA's priority pollutant list were analysed. The concentrations determined in bulk precipitation were in general within the range of values worldwide reported. Concentrations were highest in the cold months. Deposition fluxes of PAHs were of the same order of magnitude as reported data. The greatest values were found when high concentrations of PAHs in precipitation coincided with large precipitation amounts. The concentrations of PAHs in surface waters (main rivers, tributaries, ditches, etc) were in general lower than those in bulk precipitation, and among the lowest reported for European rivers, excepting Np and Ph. Bulk deposition and domestic effluents are suggested as being the main PAH sources into surface waters.     

废水除磷技术的研究与发展

目前 ,人们越来越重视污水除磷技术。本文介绍与评述了化学和生物两种除磷方式及其除磷机理和工艺 ,并着重介绍了生物除磷的现状、发展和研究动向     

大气污染物影响因素的灰色关联分析

运用灰色系统理论，对产生和影响城市大气主要污染物的相关因素，利用灰色关联分析方法进行了量化分析研究，根据研究结果，提出了控制大气污染的防治对策．     

乌鲁木齐市一次冷空气过境天气对空气污染的影响分析

根据对2006年11月20～28日乌鲁木齐市出现冷空气过境天气过程的天气形式和主要气象要素及空气污染变化情况进行的分析,结果表明:冷空气过境天气前后,诸多气象要素发生了变化,冷空气导致逆温层的破坏和降水过程使各项污染物均得到有效的清除.通过此分析可为类似天气的空气质量预报提供思路.     

珠江三角洲地区酸雨污染趋势初探

本文从珠江三角洲地区酸雨监测数据资料入手，对本地区酸雨状况及其趋势进行探讨，研究结果表明，本地区酸雨依然严重，且广泛存在。